Namibia Development Journal, Vol 2, No 1 (2009)

Evaluating wheat cultivars’ performance for salinity tolerance in desert soils of the coastal areas of Namibia

Cousisns Gwanama, Luke Kanyomeka, Osmund Mwandemele, Fabian Mubiana

Abstract


The coastal areas of Namibia have a desert climate and in most places either the soil or potential irrigation water, when available, or both are saline, making crop farming based on glycophytic species impracticable. Other food production ventures such as mushrooms are promising in these areas. However, substrates for the cultivation of mushrooms are mainly of plant material. The requirement for plant stover, which could be used in alternative agriculture systems, has necessitated a search for crop species that could be grown under these environments. This study evaluated four wheat cultivars with enhanced salinity tolerance for possible introduction to the area. All four cultivars performed similarly, showing more tolerance for plant growth than the local control at all developmental stages. The plant height differences were not consistent among the cultivars during the growth season, showing differences in growth rate, rather than potential total stover production.  Grain yield was also higher in these cultivars, although only one cultivar was statistically different from the control. Plant height did not correlate with yield; therefore it was unrelated to the assimilate partitioning of the varieties so that it could at best only be used as an indicator of general plant health. These four wheat varieties have the potential for production in the coastal areas of the Namib Desert.

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